Basics of Geometry in Maths

Geometry, a branch of Mathematics, deals with the study of different shapes, sizes and some spatial properties. Geometry can be classified into different types, namely,

• Euclidean Geometry
• Non-Euclidean Geometry
• Analytic Geometry
• Differential Geometry
• Projective Geometry

It mainly focuses on the properties of points, lines and angles. It deals with various geometric measurements of shapes such as areas, volumes, perimeter, lengths and so on. The basic terms in geometry are lines, points, line segments, rays, intersections, planes, spaces, parallel lines, transversal, endpoints, midpoints. The geometrical shapes are generally classified into two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional shapes. To study the various shapes, one should be thorough with the basic terminologies mentioned above.

 Two-dimensional Geometry: 2D Geometry deals with the study of flat shapes. It has only two dimensions, such as length and width. 2D shapes do not have any thickness. Some of the examples of flat shapes are square, rectangle, triangle, circle and so on. It also includes the study of various properties of shapes, its types, characteristics with examples. For example, there are various types of triangle based on sides and angles such as scalene triangle, isosceles triangle, equilateral triangle, acute angle triangle, obtuse angle triangle and right-angle triangle. Each type of triangle has its properties.

 Three-dimensional Geometry: 3D Geometry focuses on the study of three-dimensional figures or solids. 3D shapes have three dimensions, such as length, width and thickness. Cube, cuboid, sphere, etc., are examples of solid shapes. Generally, the rotation of flat shapes around the straight line (axis)  gives solid shapes. This process is called the solid of revolution.

Importance of Geometry in Maths

In our daily lives, we are surrounded by space and various shapes. Learning geometry is important to everyone as it offers many advantages. It provides

• Spatial understanding
• Knowledge of numbers and measurements
• Three-dimensional thinking
• Logical thinking skills
• Visual ability to compare the shapes and sizes

In simple words, basic geometry gives the fundamental information in geometry such as lines, shapes, comparison of figures such as similar triangles, measurement of shapes such as length, breadth and height, etc. It covers all the concepts in plane geometry and solid geometry.

Whereas, advanced geometry covers coordinate grids, platonic solids, trigonometry and so on.

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